1. Dive Into Python

20 May 2004

This book lives at http://diveintopython.org/. If you're reading it somewhere else, you may not have the latest version.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in Appendix G, GNU Free Documentation License.

The example programs in this book are free software; you can redistribute and/or modify them under the terms of the Python license as published by the Python Software Foundation. A copy of the license is included in Appendix H, Python license.

1.1. 章节索引

1.1.1. Installing Python

/1. Installing Python
/1.1. Which Python is right for you?
/1.2. Python on Windows
/1.3. Python on Mac OS X
/1.4. Python on Mac OS 9
/1.5. Python on RedHat Linux
/1.6. Python on Debian GNU/Linux
/1.7. Python Installation from Source
/1.8. The Interactive Shell
/1.9. Summary

1.1.2. Your First Python Program

/2. Your First Python Program
/2.1. Diving in
/2.2. Declaring Functions
/2.2.1. How Python's Datatypes Compare to Other Programming Languages
/2.3. Documenting Functions
/2.4. Everything Is an Object
/2.4.1. The Import Search Path
/2.4.2. What's an Object?
/2.5. Indenting Code
/2.6. Testing Modules

1.1.3. Native Datatypes

/3. Native Datatypes
/3.1. Introducing Dictionaries
/3.1.1. Defining Dictionaries
/3.1.2. Modifying Dictionaries
/3.1.3. Deleting Items From Dictionaries
/3.2. Introducing Lists
/3.2.1. Defining Lists
/3.2.2. Adding Elements to Lists
/3.2.3. Searching Lists
/3.2.4. Deleting List Elements
/3.2.5. Using List Operators
/3.3. Introducing Tuples
/3.4. Declaring variables
/3.4.1. Referencing Variables
/3.4.2. Assigning Multiple Values at Once
/3.5. Formatting Strings
/3.6. Mapping Lists
/3.7. Joining Lists and Splitting Strings
/3.7.1. Historical Note on String Methods
/3.8. Summary

1.1.4. The Power Of Introspection

/4. The Power Of Introspection
/4.1. Diving In
/4.2. Using Optional and Named Arguments
/4.3. Using type, str, dir, and Other Built-In Functions
/4.3.1. The type Function
/4.3.2. The str Function
/4.3.3. Built-In Functions
/4.4. Getting Object References With getattr
/4.4.1. getattr with Modules
/4.4.2. getattr As a Dispatcher
/4.5. Filtering Lists
/4.6. The Peculiar Nature of and and or
/4.6.1. Using the and-or Trick
/4.7. Using lambda Functions
/4.7.1. Real-World lambda Functions
/4.8. Putting It All Together
/4.9. Summary

1.1.5. Objects and Object-Orientation

/5. Objects and Object-Orientation
/5.1. Diving In
/5.2. Importing Modules Using from module import
/5.3. Defining Classes
/5.3.1. Initializing and Coding Classes
/5.3.2. Knowing When to Use self and init
/5.4. Instantiating Classes
/5.4.1. Garbage Collection
/5.5. Exploring UserDict: A Wrapper Class
/5.6. Special Class Methods
/5.6.1. Getting and Setting Items
/5.7. Advanced Special Class Methods
/5.8. Introducing Class Attributes
/5.9. Private Functions
/5.10. Summary

1.1.6. Exceptions and File Handling

/6. Exceptions and File Handling
/6.1. Handling Exceptions
/6.1.1. Using Exceptions For Other Purposes
/6.2. Working with File Objects
/6.2.1. Reading Files
/6.2.2. Closing Files
/6.2.3. Handling I/O Errors
/6.2.4. Writing to Files
/6.3. Iterating with for Loops
/6.4. Using sys.modules
/6.5. Working with Directories
/6.6. Putting It All Together
/6.7. Summary

1.1.7. Regular Expressions

/7. Regular Expressions
/7.1. Diving In
/7.2. Case Study: Street Addresses
/7.3. Case Study: Roman Numerals
/7.3.1. Checking for Thousands
/7.3.2. Checking for Hundreds
/7.4. Using the {n,m} Syntax
/7.4.1. Checking for Tens and Ones
/7.5. Verbose Regular Expressions
/7.6. Case study: Parsing Phone Numbers
/7.7. Summary

1.1.8. HTML Processing

/8. HTML Processing
/8.1. Diving in
/8.2. Introducing sgmllib.py
/8.3. Extracting data from HTML documents
/8.4. Introducing BaseHTMLProcessor.py
/8.5. locals and globals
/8.6. Dictionary-based string formatting
/8.7. Quoting attribute values
/8.8. Introducing dialect.py
/8.9. Putting it all together
/8.10. Summary

1.1.9. XML Processing

/9. XML Processing
/9.1. Diving in
/9.2. Packages
/9.3. Parsing XML
/9.4. Unicode
/9.5. Searching for elements
/9.6. Accessing element attributes
/9.7. Segue

1.1.10. Scripts and Streams

/10. Scripts and Streams
/10.1. Abstracting input sources
/10.2. Standard input, output, and error
/10.3. Caching node lookups
/10.4. Finding direct children of a node
/10.5. Creating separate handlers by node type
/10.6. Handling command-line arguments
/10.7. Putting it all together
/10.8. Summary

1.1.11. HTTP Web Services

/11. HTTP Web Services
/11.1. Diving in
/11.2. How not to fetch data over HTTP
/11.3. Features of HTTP
/11.3.1. User-Agent
/11.3.2. Redirects
/11.3.3. Last-Modified/If-Modified-Since
/11.3.4. ETag/If-None-Match
/11.3.5. Compression
/11.4. Debugging HTTP web services
/11.5. Setting the User-Agent
/11.6. Handling Last-Modified and ETag
/11.7. Handling redirects
/11.8. Handling compressed data
/11.9. Putting it all together
/11.10. Summary

1.1.12. SOAP Web Services

/12. SOAP Web Services
/12.1. Diving In
/12.2. Installing the SOAP Libraries
/12.2.1. Installing PyXML
/12.2.2. Installing fpconst
/12.2.3. Installing SOAPpy
/12.3. First Steps with SOAP
/12.4. Debugging SOAP Web Services
/12.5. Introducing WSDL
/12.6. Introspecting SOAP Web Services with WSDL
/12.7. Searching Google
/12.8. Troubleshooting SOAP Web Services
/12.9. Summary

1.1.13. Unit Testing

/13. Unit Testing
/13.1. Introduction to Roman numerals
/13.2. Diving in
/13.3. Introducing romantest.py
/13.4. Testing for success
/13.5. Testing for failure
/13.6. Testing for sanity

1.1.14. Test-First Programming

/14. Test-First Programming
/14.1. roman.py, stage 1
/14.2. roman.py, stage 2
/14.3. roman.py, stage 3
/14.4. roman.py, stage 4
/14.5. roman.py, stage 5

1.1.15. Refactoring

/15. Refactoring
/15.1. Handling bugs
/15.2. Handling changing requirements
/15.3. Refactoring
/15.4. Postscript
/15.5. Summary

1.1.16. Functional Programming

/16. Functional Programming
/16.1. Diving in
/16.2. Finding the path
/16.3. Filtering lists revisited
/16.4. Mapping lists revisited
/16.5. Data-centric programming
/16.6. Dynamically importing modules
/16.7. Putting it all together
/16.8. Summary

1.1.17. Dynamic functions

/17. Dynamic functions
/17.1. Diving in
/17.2. plural.py, stage 1
/17.3. plural.py, stage 2
/17.4. plural.py, stage 3
/17.5. plural.py, stage 4
/17.6. plural.py, stage 5
/17.7. plural.py, stage 6
/17.8. Summary

1.1.18. Performance Tuning

/18. Performance Tuning
/18.1. Diving in
/18.2. Using the timeit Module
/18.3. Optimizing Regular Expressions
/18.4. Optimizing Dictionary Lookups
/18.5. Optimizing List Operations
/18.6. Optimizing String Manipulation

1.1.18.1. Summary

/18.7. Summary
/A. Further reading
/B. A 5-minute review
/C. Tips and tricks
/D. List of examples
/E. Revision history
/F. About the book
/G. GNU Free Documentation License
/G.0. Preamble
/G.1. Applicability and definitions
/G.2. Verbatim copying
/G.3. Copying in quantity
/G.4. Modifications
/G.5. Combining documents
/G.6. Collections of documents
/G.7. Aggregation with independent works
/G.8. Translation
/G.9. Termination
/G.10. Future revisions of this license
/G.11. How to use this License for your documents
/H. Python license
/H.A. History of the software
/H.B. Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
/H.B.1. PSF license agreement
/H.B.2. BeOpen Python open source license agreement version 1
/H.B.3. CNRI open source GPL-compatible license agreement
/H.B.4. CWI permissions statement and disclaimer

1.2. Wiki小工具

手工加 Wiki 的页面声明太 SB 了!
Python 来帮忙!

f=open("DinPy",'r')
s=f.read()
#print s
import re
def wikiName(matchobj):
    return " * [\"/%s\"] "%matchobj.group(0)[:-1]
    
key = re.compile(r"(^\w[.|0-9a-zA-Z]+?)\s",re.M)
r=re.sub(key,wikiName,s)
print r
open("DinPy.wiki",'w').write(r)